Demystifying Cysts: Understanding Those Bumps Under Your Skin
A cyst is a common, often harmless, bump under the skin that can cause both curiosity and concern. It's essentially a closed sac, like a tiny balloon, filled with a variety of substances like keratin (the protein that makes up hair and nails) and other debris. While they can appear anywhere on the body, they're most likely to pop up on the face, back, scalp, and chest.
While most cysts are completely benign and do not pose any health risks, they can sometimes become bothersome or even infected. In these cases, seeking medical attention is crucial. Depending on the type, location, and severity of the cyst, your doctor might recommend various treatment options, including:
Drainage
A small incision is made in the cyst to remove the fluid and debris inside. This is a simple procedure typically performed in a doctor's office.
Cortisone injection
This medication injected directly into the cyst can reduce inflammation and cause it to shrink.
Surgical removal
This option is usually reserved for larger or recurring cysts. It involves cutting out the entire cyst and surrounding sac to prevent future growth.
Here's a quick breakdown of the factors that influence whether you need treatment for a cyst:
Location of the Cyst
Cysts in sensitive areas like the face or genitals are more likely to require treatment due to discomfort or cosmetic concerns.
Potential Pain
Painful cysts are a clear indicator that something might be wrong and require professional attention.
Infection
If a cyst becomes infected, it can cause redness, swelling, and tenderness. In these cases, immediate medical intervention is crucial to prevent further complications.
Type of Cyst
There are numerous types of cysts, each with its own characteristics and behavior. Some are more prone to causing problems than others.
Epidermal inclusion cysts (sebaceous cysts)
The most common type of skin cyst, they typically appear on the face, neck, back, and chest. They form when dead skin cells and sebum (oil) become trapped beneath the skin, creating a bump that can range in size from a pea to a grape. They are usually painless and harmless, but may become inflamed or infected.
Ganglion cysts
Fluid-filled, firm bumps that most commonly appear on the back of the wrist or hand. They are associated with joint capsules or tendons and are not cancerous.
Milia
Tiny, white, painless bumps that often appear on the face, especially around the eyes and nose. They are caused by trapped keratin under the skin and typically resolve on their own.
Acne cysts
Large, inflamed pimples that develop deep within the skin. They are often painful and can leave scars if not treated properly.
Dermatofibromas
Firm, reddish-brown bumps that often appear on the arms and legs. They are formed from collagen and are harmless, although they can sometimes be mistaken for moles or skin cancer.
Pilar cysts (trichilemmal cysts)
These cysts commonly appear on the scalp, but can also be found on the face, eyebrows, and beard area. They arise from the hair follicle and contain keratin, a protein found in hair and skin. They are usually slow-growing, painless, and dome-shaped.
Cholesterol cysts
Yellowish, painless bumps that typically appear on the eyelids of older adults. They are caused by a buildup of cholesterol deposits under the skin.
Other less common cysts
There are many other types of cysts that can occur on the skin, such as epidermoid cysts, steatocystoma multiplex, and keratocystic odontogenic tumors.
